| 特种工程塑料是指综合性能较高，长期使用温度在150℃以上的一类工程塑料，具有独特、优异的物理性能，主要应用于电子电气、航空航天、汽车、 医疗等高科技领域。我国科技部制定的《“十三五”材料领域科技创新专项规划》报告中明确指出特种工程塑料是重点发展的先进结构材料技术之一，其中高性能聚醚酮、聚酰亚胺、耐辐照型聚酰亚胺纤维等被列为重点发展材料。
聚酰亚胺材料具有优异的耐高温、耐低温、高强高模、高抗蠕变、高尺寸稳定、低热膨胀系数、高电绝缘、低介电常数与低损耗、耐辐射、耐腐蚀等优点，同时具有真空挥发份低、挥发可凝物少等空间材料的特点，可加工成聚酰亚胺薄膜、耐高温工程塑料、复合材料用基体树脂、耐高温粘结剂、纤维和泡沫等多种材料形式，因此在许多高新技术领域具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的商业价值。 全球格局：市场规模不断增长，呈寡头垄断格局 PI属于高技术壁垒行业，在世界范围内呈寡头垄断局面，技术封锁严密。目前全球产能主要由国外少数企业所垄断，包括美国杜邦、日本钟化、韩国SKPI以及日本宇部兴产株式会社等。据美国调查咨询公司MarketsandMarkets数据显示，2017年全球PI薄膜的市场规模为15.2亿美元，预计2022年将达到24.5亿美元。 国外格局：美日韩占据主要市场，集中在少数企业 目前国外聚酰亚胺产业集中在少数国家的少数企业。如PI纤维产品，其生产与销售主要集中在德国赢创；PI薄膜技术掌握在杜邦、钟化及宇部兴产手中。沙特基础工业公司和韩国SKPI公司的PI产品也在世界市场上占有一席之地，各有优势。全球聚酰亚胺市场发展平稳，各大公司均加大研发力度，力求推陈出新，但并不见有增加产能的举动。 国内格局：我国产业化进程缓慢，企业问题较多 由于聚酰亚胺生产成本高、技术工艺复杂、产品稳定性较差等问题，我国产业化进程缓慢。但是，我国聚酰亚胺的应用已经拓展到航空、航天、微电子、环保、 交通等多个领域。PI产业遍布全国各地，但与国外先进国家相比，国内企业总体实力上还存在一定差距。纵观各企业都存在着一定的问题：装置规模小，多数生产装置仅为百吨级；产品较为单一，主要以PI薄膜为主，其它种类产量很少；产品精细化程度不够等。 聚醚醚酮（PEEK） PEEK分子链由苯环和相连的酮基、醚基构成，苯环为PEEK材料提供了刚性，醚键提供了韧性，因此PEEK是韧性与刚性兼备的综合性材料。我国将PEEK材料的研制列为国家重点科技攻关计划和国家“863”计划，吉林大学特种工程塑料中心开发出具有自主知识产权的PEEK合成路线，实现了PEEK的大批量生产。 全球格局：技术壁垒高，呈寡头竞争格局 MarketsandMarkets于2017年2月发布的PEEK市场报告预计到2021年，全球PEEK市场将达到6.643亿美元，2016年至2021年的复合年增长率为6.3％。在全球PEEK市场，新的应用和产品等级将在航天和国防等工业领域得到发展。此外，北美用于航空航天和医疗行业PEEK的快速增长将导致未来五年PEEK市场的高速增长。 由于技术壁垒高，研发投入大，目前掌握PEEK聚合工艺的企业并不多，呈寡头竞争格局，全球市场主要集中在欧洲。 国外格局：全球市场以欧洲为主，巨头竞争激烈 全球市场以欧洲为主，主要生产企业包括英国威格斯、比利时索尔维和德国赢创。伴随着全球市场需求的增长，各大企业纷纷投资扩大产能，巩固其在市场的地位。据MarketsandMarkets 报道，2015年英国威格斯占PEEK市场最大市场份额，预计在未来几年将继续占据主导地位。除了扩大产能外，威格斯还通过收并购进一步巩固其在PEEK市场的领导地位。此外，索尔维也在积极拓展其PEEK在医疗领域的市场。 国内格局：我国PEEK企业较少，生产能力较低 由于技术壁垒高，投资风险大，我国能够生产PEEK企业较少，且相对于威格斯、索尔维等国外PEEK企业，国内企业的生产能力普遍较低。国内的PEEK企业包括中研股份、盘锦中润特塑有限公司、长春吉大特塑工程研究有限公司、广州金发科技等。 发展趋势及建议 关于PI： 2017年各大企业的PI销售景气，盈利可观。杜邦、钟化、宇部兴产等各大厂家的PI产品均在柔性覆铜板、柔性显示器、动力电池、智能手机等电子行业带动下健康发展。未来，PI产业将随着电子行业的发展而调整结构，且市场潜力巨大，特别是亚太地区。 我国需要继续加大聚酰亚胺产业化技术的研发力度，重视改性等基础研发，着力解决聚酰亚胺高成本问题，尽快采用具有自主知识产权的聚酰亚胺生产工艺技术并逐步实现产业化工程技术的突破。为满足国内以及国际市场的需求，各大厂家也应逐步扩大产能，从百吨级逐渐成长为千吨级。 关于PEEK：
在发展PEEK材料方面，我国已经突破了一些关键技术，有些制造商已经实现了千吨级产能。我国也有一些企业从事供应聚醚醚酮树脂的专用料及二次制品的研发，其中中研股份研制出PEEK纤维专用料，PEEK纤维量产化指日可待，产业发展前景乐观。针对我国PEEK产业发展现状，国家新材料产业发展战略咨询委员会天津研究院共提出3条建议。
Special engineering plastics refer to a class of engineering plastics with high comprehensive performance and long-term use temperature above 150 °C. They have unique and excellent physical properties and are mainly used in high-tech fields such as electrical and electronic, aerospace, automotive and medical. The “Special Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation in the “13th Five-Year” Material Sector” formulated by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China clearly states that special engineering plastics is one of the key advanced structural materials technologies, among which high-performance polyether ketone, polyimide, and radiation-resistant Phototype polyimide fibers and the like are listed as key development materials.
Engineering plastic
Polyimide (PI)
Polyimide material has excellent high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, high strength and high modulus, high creep resistance, high dimensional stability, low thermal expansion coefficient, high electrical insulation, low dielectric constant and low loss, radiation resistance and corrosion resistance. At the same time, it has the characteristics of low vacuum volatiles, less volatile condensable materials, etc. It can be processed into polyimide film, high temperature engineering plastics, matrix resin for composite materials, high temperature resistant binder, fiber and foam, etc. It is a form of material and therefore has broad application prospects and great commercial value in many high-tech fields.
Global pattern: the market scale continues to grow, showing an oligopoly
PI belongs to the high-tech barrier industry, with an oligopoly situation around the world and strict technical blockade. At present, global production capacity is mainly monopolized by a small number of foreign companies, including DuPont, Japan, Zhonghua, Korea SKPI, and Japan Ube Industries Co., Ltd. According to data from the US survey and consulting firm MarketsandMarkets, the global PI film market size in 2017 is 1.52 billion US dollars, and is expected to reach 2.45 billion US dollars in 2022.
Foreign pattern: the United States, Japan and South Korea occupy the main market, concentrated in a small number of enterprises
At present, the foreign polyimide industry is concentrated in a small number of enterprises in a few countries. For example, PI fiber products are mainly produced and sold in Evonik, Germany; PI film technology is in the hands of DuPont, Zhonghua and Ube. The PI products of Saudi Basic Industries and South Korea's SKPI also have a place in the world market, each with its own advantages. The global polyimide market has developed steadily. All major companies have increased their research and development efforts and strived to innovate, but there is no such thing as an increase in production capacity.
Domestic pattern: China's industrialization process is slow, and there are many corporate problems.
Due to the high production cost of polyimide, complicated technical processes and poor product stability, China's industrialization process is slow. However, the application of polyimide in China has been extended to aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, environmental protection, transportation and other fields. The PI industry is spread all over the country, but compared with foreign advanced countries, there is still a certain gap in the overall strength of domestic enterprises. Throughout the enterprise, there are certain problems: the scale of the device is small, and most of the production devices are only 100 tons; the products are relatively single, mainly based on PI film, the output of other types is small; the degree of product refinement is not enough.
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
The PEEK molecular chain consists of a benzene ring and an attached ketone group and an ether group. The benzene ring provides rigidity to the PEEK material, and the ether bond provides toughness. Therefore, PEEK is a comprehensive material with both toughness and rigidity. China's development of PEEK materials is listed as a national key scientific and technological research plan and the national "863" plan. The special engineering plastics center of Jilin University has developed a PEEK synthetic route with independent intellectual property rights, realizing the mass production of PEEK.
Global pattern: high technical barriers, oligopolistic competition
The PEEK market report released by MarketsandMarkets in February 2017 is expected to reach $664.3 million in the global PEEK market by 2021 and a compound annual growth rate of 6.3% from 2016 to 2021. In the global PEEK market, new applications and product grades will be developed in the aerospace and defense industries. In addition, the rapid growth of PEEK in the aerospace and medical industries in North America will lead to rapid growth in the PEEK market over the next five years.
Due to the high technical barriers and large R&D investment, there are not many enterprises that have mastered the PEEK polymerization process. They are in an oligopolistic competition and the global market is mainly concentrated in Europe.
Foreign pattern: the global market is dominated by Europe, and the competition is fierce
The global market is dominated by Europe, with major producers including Victrex in the UK, Solvay in Belgium and Evonik in Germany. Along with the growth of global market demand, major companies have invested in expanding production capacity and consolidating their position in the market. According to MarketsandMarkets, in the UK, Victrex accounted for the largest market share in the PEEK market in 2015 and is expected to continue to dominate in the next few years. In addition to expanding production capacity, Victrex has further consolidated its leadership position in the PEEK market through mergers and acquisitions. In addition, Solvay is also actively expanding its PEEK market in the medical field.
Domestic pattern: China's PEEK enterprises are few and the production capacity is low.
Due to high technical barriers and high investment risks, China is able to produce PEEK enterprises less, and the production capacity of domestic enterprises is generally lower than that of foreign PEEK enterprises such as Victrex and Solvay. Domestic PEEK companies include Zhongyan Co., Ltd., Panjin Zhongrun Special Plastic Co., Ltd., Changchun Jida Plastic Engineering Research Co., Ltd., and Guangzhou Blonde Technology.
Development trends and recommendations
About PI:
In 2017, the PI sales of major companies were profitable. The PI products of DuPont, Zhonghua, Ubexing and other major manufacturers are all developing healthily under the electronic industries such as flexible CCL, flexible display, power battery and smart phone. In the future, the PI industry will adjust its structure with the development of the electronics industry, and the market potential is huge, especially in the Asia-Pacific region.
China needs to continue to increase the research and development of polyimide industrialization technology, attach importance to basic research and development such as modification, focus on solving the high cost of polyimide, and adopt the polyimide production technology with independent intellectual property rights as soon as possible and gradually realize A breakthrough in industrial engineering technology. In order to meet the needs of domestic and international markets, major manufacturers should gradually expand their production capacity from tens of tons to 1,000 tons.
About PEEK:
In the development of PEEK materials, China has already broken through some key technologies, and some manufacturers have already achieved thousands of tons of production capacity. There are also some enterprises in China that are engaged in the research and development of special materials and secondary products for the supply of polyetheretherketone resin. Among them, Zhongyan has developed PEEK fiber special materials. The mass production of PEEK fiber is just around the corner, and the industrial development prospect is optimistic. In response to the development status of China's PEEK industry, the Tianjin Research Institute of the National New Materials Industry Development Strategy Advisory Committee has put forward three suggestions.
(责任编辑：泰氏科技) |
